The Waqf (Amendment) Bill 2025, introduced in the Indian Lok Sabha on April 2, 2025, by Union Parliamentary Affairs Minister Kiren Rijiju, seeks to reform the Waqf Act of 1995, which governs properties dedicated for religious and charitable purposes under Islamic law. Aimed at enhancing transparency and efficiency in managing Waqf assets, the bill has sparked intense debate due to its significant and controversial provisions. With an estimated 6 lakh Waqf properties across India, the legislation’s implications are far-reaching.
Major Changes
One of the bill’s key reforms is the establishment of a centralized digital portal for registering Waqf properties, replacing the earlier decentralized system. This aims to streamline management and curb mismanagement, with a six-month registration deadline post-enactment. Another notable change is the shift in authority from District Collectors to senior state government officers for resolving property disputes, intending to expedite decisions. The bill also mandates the inclusion of non-Muslims and Muslim women in the Central Waqf Council and State Waqf Boards, promoting diversity. Additionally, it ensures the law will not apply retrospectively to already registered properties, addressing concerns about disrupting existing claims.
Controversial Provisions
The inclusion of non-Muslims in Waqf governance bodies has ignited fierce opposition. Critics, including AIMIM leader Asaduddin Owaisi, argue it violates Article 26 of the Constitution, which guarantees religious communities the right to manage their affairs. Muslim organizations like the All India Muslim Personal Law Board (AIMPLB) contend this erodes community autonomy. Another contentious change is the removal of the “Waqf by user” provision, which recognized properties as Waqf based on long-term religious use, even without formal documentation. Opponents fear this could jeopardize historic sites lacking deeds. The empowerment of state officials over Waqf Tribunals in dispute resolution is also criticized as a potential overreach, risking bias in favor of government interests
Conclusion
While the Waqf (Amendment) Bill 2025 promises modernization and accountability, its controversial aspects—particularly non-Muslim inclusion and altered dispute mechanisms—have polarized opinions. As it awaits parliamentary approval, the bill underscores a delicate balance between reform and religious autonomy, with its outcome likely to shape Waqf governance for years to come
